<p>Curtiss&ndash;Wright Aeronautical University was a flight school in Chicago, Illinois founded by aircraft manufacturer Curtiss-Wright. Open from 1929 until 1953, the university was the first accredited flight school in the Midwest which accepted black students and instructors. While it opened as an all-white school, after Cornelius Coffey and John C. Robinson threatened to sue the school for denying them entrance in 1930, the superintendent agreed to conduct segregated classes for black students if the two could prove that enough black students would enroll. The two founded the Challenger Air Pilots Association to develop the citys black aviation community, and by 1932 they had organized enough people to begin an all-black class. When the school lost access to its original airfield in 1933, its black students opened their own field due to the discrimination they faced at the citys other fields; originally located in the black community of Robbins, it later moved to 87th Street and Harlem Avenue in Chicago. The schools students played an important role in both developing Chicagos black aviation community and fighting for equality and the growth of black aviation nationwide. Aside from Coffey and Robinson, its notable alumni included Willa Brown, Janet Bragg, and several of the Tuskegee Airmen.</p><br>
<p>The school operated out of a seven-story building located at 1338-1342 S. Michigan Avenue. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 16, 2013, due to its association with the school.</p><br>
<p>The West Second Street Historic District is the oldest historic district in the city of Mesa, Arizona. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1999 and features a greater variety of architectural styles than other historic districts in the city. Styles represented include Colonial Revival, Spanish Colonial Revival, Tudor Revival, Mission Revival, and Pueblo Revival. The district includes many homes of Mesa&#39;s most prominent families from its early history.</p><br>
<p>The original boundaries of the district were roughly between Robson St. and Center St., from 1st St. to 3rd St. In 2003, the district was expanded to include the entire area roughly bounded by Robson St., University Dr. and MacDonald St.</p><br>
<p>An annual historic home tour, sponsored by the Mesa Historical Museum, allows the public to visit several homes in the district.</p><br>
<p>The West Second Street Historic District includes three residential subdivisions created in 1919–1922 within the original town site of Mesa, Arizona. The district boundary is Second Street on the north and First Street on the south. The western boundary is Pasadena Street and the eastern boundary is Pomeroy Street. The other streets in the district are Hibbert and Wilbur.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1999 and features many Bungalow style homes which were popular around 1920. There are a few Tudor Revival and Pueblo Revival homes as well as some Ranch homes that were built later after World War II.</p><br>
<p>An annual historic home tour, sponsored by the Mesa Historical Museum, allows the public to visit several homes in the district.</p><br>
<p>The Brown County Courthouse is a historic courthouse in Aberdeen, the county seat of Brown County, South Dakota. It was built in 1904 and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Columbia, South Dakota, was the site of Brown County&#39;s first courthouse until 1887 when Aberdeen became the county seat. A dispute followed, and the county seat moved back to Columbia from November 1889 until 1890, after which Aberdeen permanently became the county seat. After becoming the county seat, a wood frame courthouse building was built in Aberdeen.</p><br>
<p>Work on a new courthouse in Aberdeen began by 1902, designed by architects Frank W. Kinney and Menno S. Detweiler. It was built by E. Miller of Le Mars, Iowa, and completed in 1904 at a cost of around $120,000. The courthouse was formally dedicated on March 15, 1904.</p><br>
<p>In 1974, the sandstone stairway that led to the second floor entrance was removed to improve accessibility; it was replaced by a plate glass entrance on the first floor. The courthouse was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 3, 1976. In 2014, after suffering deterioration, the stained glass window around the old entrance was removed, cleaned, and reinstalled.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The courthouse is a three-story building in the Renaissance Revival style. The building is made of Berea Sandstone that was quarried near Cleveland, Ohio. The front facade faces south and is divided into thirteen bays. The entrance is flanked by two 20 ft Corinthian columns made of Ortonville granite. The original second-floor entrance is encircled by a two-story-tall arch of stained glass. The building is topped by a dome with four clocks facing each of north, south, east and west. On top of the dome is a copper statue of Justice.</p><br>
<p>The courthouse originally stood alone on the block; later on an addition was built at the southwest corner for more offices and a jail was built at the southeast corner.</p><br>
<p>The Hall-Fowler Memorial Library, also known as the Frederick Hall House, is a former mansion located at 126 East Main Street in Ionia, Michigan. It now houses the Ionia Community Library. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971, and is part of the Historic American Buildings Survey.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Frederick Hall was born in Vermont in 1816, and moved to Michigan in 1836. He came to Ionia in 1841 and began buying and selling timberland, eventually becoming probably the richest man in the county. He was appointed by President James K. Polk as the receiver of public money for the land office at Ionia in 1845. He was elected to serve in the state legislature in 1849, and was later a candidate for Congress and for Lieutenant Governor. and was a director of the Ionia and Lansing Railroad and President of the First National Bank of Ionia.</p><br>
<p>In 1869-70, Hall hired Capt. Lucius Mills to construct this house for his family. Hall lived here until his death in 1883, after which the house passed on to Hall&#39;s daughter, Marion Hall-Fowler, and her husband Joshua Lounsburgy Fowler. Joshua Fowler died in 1901; Marion gave the house to the city of Ionia in 1903 as a memorial to her parents and husband, to be used as a public library.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Hall-Fowler Memorial Library is an immense two-story Italianate building with a service wing to the rear. The building is constructed of variegated ashlar sandstone, ringing from yellow gray to reddish brown, and has a low hip roof with extended eaves with highly ornate bracketed cornices. An octagonal cupola is located in the center of the roof. The windows are two-over-two double hung units in an elongated with a stilted segmental window arch. Decorative extended wooden porches cover the entrance ways, which contain double doors made of intricate paneled oak.</p><br>
<p>On the interior, the first floor has an entry vestibule leading into a central hall with two major rooms on each side. Two rooms are in the rear wing, and at the end of the hall is a delicately winding walnut stairway leading to the second floor. The second floor contains a central hall with two rooms on each side; over the entrance vestibule is another small chamber. The rear wing contains three servant&#39;s bedrooms connected by a side hall. Decorative plaster cornices and ceiling friezes are in several rooms.</p><br>
<p>The Bolen Building, located at 85 W. Main St. in Hindman, Kentucky, was built in 1939–1942. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>It is a two-story, stone commercial building, with construction typical for stone buildings in Hindman. Its storefront appears to be original, and includes a recessed single-door entry with angled windows.</p><br>
<p>It is also a contributing building in the Hindman Historic District, which was listed on the National Register in 2013.</p><br>
<p>In 2018 the building is an art gallery, the Appalachian Artisan Center.</p><br>
<p>The John C. Blanchard House was built as a private house located at 253 East Main Street in Ionia, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>John C. Blanchard was born in New York in 1822. He began working in a mill at age 14, saved enough money to move west, and in 1836 transported himself to Michigan. He worked on farms near Detroit and in Shiawassee County, bought a farm, then moved on to work as a farm laborer and clerk in Lyons, Michigan. In 1840 he began studying law, and in 1842 was admitted to practice. In 1850, he was elected prosecuting attorney, and moved to Ionia. He eventually served in multiple political offices, including Registrar of the Ionia land office and President of Ionia Township.</p><br>
<p>In 1879, Blanchard began construction of this sandstone Italianate residence. The house was finished in 1881, and Blanchard lived there until his death in 1905.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Blanchard House is a massive Italianate mansion faced with pink and brown sandstone and with a slate hipped roof. The house measures 47 feet by 52 feet. It sits on a heavy foundation of smooth, squared sandstone about four feet high, topped with a protruding water table. Above this, quoins outline the corners of the house. The windows are tall, set on sandstone sills and topped with elaborate, semicircular sandstone window hoods. The entry is through a pair of heavy front doors on the porch, surrounded by baroque twisting wooden trim.</p><br>
<p>The Lovell-Webber House was a private house located at 111 East Main Street in Ionia, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Cyrus Lovell was born in Vermont in 1804 and came to Michigan in 1829. He settled for two years in Ann Arbor, then moved the Kalamazoo. In 1836 he moved again, this time to Ionia, where he established the first law practice in the town. Soon after, in 1837, he constructed the first portion of this residence, a two-story Greek Revival structure. Also in 1837 he became the first supervisor of Ionia Township. In 1848 and 1854 he was elected to the state legislature in 1848 and 1854, and was chosen as Speaker of the House in 1855. Lovell lived in the house until 1873, when he sold the house to George W. Webber, and purchased Webber&#39;s former house. Lovell died in 1895.</p><br>
<p>George W. Webber was born in Vermont in 1825 and moved to Michigan in 1852. He worked for six years in lumbering in Manistee County and then began a retail business in Lyons, Michigan. In 1861 he moved to Ionia, becoming engaged in both lumbering and farming. In 1873 he organized the Second National Bank of Ionia; that same year he purchased this house from Cyrus Lovell. After purchasing the house, Webber hired architect Orry Waterbury to design some substantial alterations, with the original house raised and placed atop a new first floor. Webber served as Ionia&#39;s mayor in 1874 and 1875, and was elected to the 47th United States Congress in 1880. At some point, he added a second floor porch that gave the house a steamboat Gothic look. He owned this house until his death in 1900.</p><br>
<p>Afterward, the house was turned into a combination apartment and residence. The house was demolished at some point after 1974.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Lovell-Webber House was a large rambling wooden structure, measuring about 60 feet across and a little more deep. It consisted of a main, three-story section and a two-story addition. It sat on a rough stone foundation, and the main section had a truncated hip roof while the addition had a gabled roof. The main section had long, narrow paneless windows on the first floor (built in the 1870s), with unpaneled doors. The upper floors (constructed in the 1830s) had six over six windows encased in plain wooden molding, and the second floor door was paneled and surrounded by a plain transom and sidelights. Porch columns also varied between the stories.</p><br>
<p>The Ionia County Courthouse is a government building located on East Main Street in Ionia, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Ionia County was organized in 1837. At first, there was a dispute over the location of the county seat, between Ionia and Lyons, but it was soon resolved in favor of Ionia. However, the first courthouse, located at this site, was a small one-story building. By the 1800s, this building was far too small, and a building committee was formed to decide on a replacement. The committee chose Toledo, Ohio architect David W. Gibbs to design the building, and contractor Clare Allen to build it. Ground was broken on the project in 1883. Clare Allen went bankrupt in 1885, and the building committee oversaw the completion of the courthouse in 1886.</p><br>
<p>Electricity was installed in the building in 1922, and extensive remodeling was completed in the 1980s. Construction began on an addition in 2017. The 1883 building is still used by the county government.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Ionia County Courthouse is a -story sandstone Classical Revival structure, measuring 120 feet by 80 feet. The sandstone of the lowest floor is a light Ohio sandstone; the remainder of the building is of a worm brown Ionia sandstone. The courthouse sits on a slight rise in a broad courthouse lawn. The front facade has a prominent projecting two-tier portico reached by seven wide steps. The lower tier of the portico has a triple-arched sandstone loggia atop sandstone piers; the upper tier is of wood. The entryway is through a pair of arched doors under the portico. The bays beside the portico are slightly recessed, while the end bays project slightly. A wooden frieze and dentiled cornice fins across the top of the entire building, and the roof is crowned with an elaborate four-stage domed cupola topped with a statue of justice.</p><br>
<p>Secondary entrances are locate in projecting bays on the sides of the building. The rear also has a projecting central bay with an arched entrance and double doors similar to those on the front. The interior of thee courthouse is a hollow square, with courtrooms and offices located around the edges.</p><br>
<p>The Ionia Downtown Commercial Historic District is a primarily commercial district located roughly along West Main and Washington Streets, from Dexter Street to Library Street, in Ionia, Michigan. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Ionia was first settled in 1833 by Samuel Dexter, who recruited a group of about 63 people from New York to join him. Aided by the local Ojibwe, they settled in and cleared fields, then built log cabins and soon a sawmill. Other commercial activities soon followed, with a furniture factory and brewery active by the late 1830s. In 1835/36, Ionia became the official county seat, and the federal land office was established in the area in 1836. These led to the opening of hotels and stores in the growing community. The village itself was first platted in 1841, including what is now this commercial district on the northern side. The oldest structure in the district - the St. John&#39;s parish house - dates to this time period.</p><br>
<p>The railroad reached Ionia in 1859, hastening commercial activity. This included an increased demand for Ionia sandstone, and by the 1870s there were eight hotels in the city, serving travelers arriving by railroad. Much of the building stock in the district was built starting around this time, as Ionia grew in the late nineteenth century.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Ionia Downtown Commercial Historic District covers nearly all of Ionia&#39;s central business district, and includes buildings which were constructed primarily in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Eighty-five structures are included in the district, of which seventy contribute to the historic nature of the district. These buildings are primarily commercial, although the district does include some residential, religious, and governmental buildings. The commercial blocks stand side-by-side, directly on the sidewalk line, and are generally two- or three-story structures, constructed of red brick or the locally quarried sandstone.</p><br>
<p>The east end of the district is an institutional area, containing the county courthouse, city hall, post office, and multiple church buildings. All of these are architecturally significant, and contribute to the historic nature of the district. The most significant structures in the district include:</p><br>
<p>The Ionia Armory (439 W. Main), is a two-story red brick structure built in 1908-09. It is built in a picturesque, crenellated English Gothic style, with an arched corbel table at the cornice level and a corbelled turret window located at the corner of the building. The original upper portion of the tower has been removed.</p><br>
<p>The three commercial buildings at 409, 411, and 413 West Main Street are all Italianate structures constructed in the late 1880s or early 1890s. Although each is of an individual design, they all retain much of their original cast-iron storefronts.</p><br>
<p>The commercial building at 340 West Main Street is a two-story structure constructed in about 1890. It is notable for its handsome facade of pink Ionia sandstone.</p><br>
<p>The Italianate commercial block at 332-336 West Main Street was constructed in about 1885, and is a two-story, three-storefront block with a buff brick facade, metal cornice, and ornate metal window heads.</p><br>
<p>The Silver-Graff Building (313-317 W. Main) was constructed in 1894. It is a two-story, two storefront building with a rock-face, random ashlar facade. Two second-story bay windows located at either end of the facade rise into octagonal towers with distinctive bell-shaped roofs. The bay windows, towers, cornices, and parapets are all of metal.</p><br>
<p>The Ionia County National Bank Building (302 W. Main) is a two-story NeoClassical structure builtin 1914, with a temple front having two-story limestone columns in a full pediment and entablature.</p><br>
<p>St. John&#39;s Episcopal Church (120 N. Kidd) is an 1882 Victorian Gothic structure, with a square plan tower and unusual Victorian styling.</p><br>
<p>The Ionia County Courthouse (100 W. Main), individually listed in the National Register, is an 1885 building constructed of Ionia sandstone.</p><br>
<p>The Ionia Historic District is a primarily residential historic district in Ionia, Michigan, roughly bounded by Summit, Pleasant, Jefferson and Main Streets. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Ionia was first settled in 1833 by Samuel Dexter, who recruited a group of about 63 people from New York to join him. Aided by the local Ojibwe, they settled in and cleared fields, then built log cabins and soon a sawmill. What is now the Ionia Historic District was at first just a scattering of small houses. In 1839 the United States Land Office was transferred to Ionia, and in 1859 the railroad came through the town. Along with other commercial enterprises,</p><br>
<p>these made Ionia a prosperous settlement, and the rapid growth led to prominent members of the community constructing homes in the district just east of the downtown. Among the most significant residents who established homes in the district are John C. Blanchard, the first president of the village of Ionia, Frederick Hall, Ionia&#39;s</p><br>
<p>first mayor in 1873, George W. Webber, an Ionia entrepreneur and lumberman, Captain Lucius Mills, a local contractor, and Fred W. Green, two-term Governor of Michigan. Three of these houses - the John C. Blanchard House, the Frederick Hall House (now the Hall-Fowler Memorial Library), and the Lovell-Webber House are individually listed on the National Register.</p><br>
<p>Although some of the early structures in the district are of the mid-nineteenth century Greek Revival style, the most characteristic type is the later Italianate variety, which predominates in the neighborhood, showing the bulk of the district was built up in the later nineteenth century. Later twentieth century structures are also in the neighborhood, but tend to be more modest in scale than the earlier houses.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Ionia Historic District is located to the east of downtown Ionia. It contains 197 structures, of which 188 contribute to the historical nature of the neighborhood. All but seven of these were built as residential structure; the remaining are churches or commercial buildings. The houses are substantially Italianate in design, although some examples of Greek Revival, Eastlake, Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, and bungalow architectures are also in the neighborhood. The streets are narrow and the houses well set back, giving the neighborhood a spacious feel.</p><br>
<p>The Richardson Silk Mill is a former industrial building located at 101 Front Street in Belding, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. The building has been converted into apartments, now known as the Flats on the River.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1860, Hiram H. Belding and his brother Alva N. Belding started selling spooled silk from a base in what is now Belding, aided by a third brother, Milo M. Belding, who living in Ashfield, Massachusetts. This retail trade was an immense success, and in 1866 Belding Brothers began manufacturing silk thread in Rockville, Connecticut. By 1872 they had established a second mill in Northampton, Massachusetts, and soon added other facilities in California and Montreal. In 1886, Belding Brothers returned to Belding and constructed this mill, designated Mill #1. However, soon after completing the building, they had doubts about the success of the venture and sold it to George Richardson of Chicago, Illinois, who had previously worked for Belding Brothers as an office manager.</p><br>
<p>However, despite their doubts, the Richardson Mill was immediately successful. Belding Brothers established a second mill in Belding in 1890, quickly followed by two more. In 1898, Richardson expanded his mill with a substantial addition, and all four mills operated simultaneously for some time. In 1910, Belding Brothers re-purchased the Richardson Mill. They operated it until 1925, when they sold the company to an eastern consortium. The new corporation, Belding-Heminway, continued to operate the Belding mills until 1932, when they were closed. The Richardson Silk Mill was used by a series of manufacturing firms, including the manufacture of down-filled sporting goods in the 1970s.</p><br>
<p>By the early 1980s, the structure was vacant. In 1986, it was converted into apartments, now known as the Flats on the River.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Richardson Silk Mill is a four-story building constructed of whitish brick with a slant roof on a concrete foundation. It was constructed in two sections: the 1888 section measures 50 feet by 250 feet, and the 1898 addition measures 50 feet by 100 feet. The original section contains two five-story brick towers with pyramidal slate roofs, and has regularly spaced arched windows with decorative belt courses of red brick running between the windows and forming arches. The addition has a similar window structure, but without the decorative brick. A two-story white brick addition is attached to the rear of the building.</p><br>
<p>The William H. VanderHeyden House is a private house located at 926 West Main Street in Ionia, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>William H. VanderHeyden was born in 1836 in New York state, and began working in the brick industry. He moved to Ionia in 1864, where he married Emily Wood, the daughter of a brick maker. The next year, VanderHeyden purchased the Ionia brick works of Thomas Cornell, located near this location on Main Street. He expanded the business, winning the contract for the Ionia prison in 1875, and supplying bricks for many of the major homes, churches, and institutions in Ionia. By 1881, VanderHeyden had 45 employees.</p><br>
<p>In 1879, VanderHeyden began work on this house, located directly adjacent to the property that at the time contained his brickyard. Although the builder is unknown, it is likely Captain Lucias Mills, who constructed other prominent houses in Ionia. The house was built using brick from VanderHeyden&#39;s yard, and was probably completed in early 1880. VanderHeyden sold his business to his son Fred in 1892, and continued to live in this house until his death in 1910. His wife Emily Wood VanderHeyden lived in it until her death in 1918, after which it passed to Fred VanderHeyden. He lived there until his death in 1952, and his widow Leaner VanderHeyden lived there until her death in 1963. It has been sold to multiple owners since.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The VanderHeyden House is a two-story, symmetrical Italianate house constructed of ivory brick on a brick foundation sheathed in sandstone. It measures approximately 53 feet wide by 57 feet deep. The roof is a very low hipped design, with paired brackets supporting the eaves. It has an arched central entrance with two-story slant-sided bay windows to each side. The entrance is reached via wooden steps and a small wooden front porch. A timber-frame summer kitchen, one of two originally constructed, is attached to the rear of the house.</p><br>
<p>According to tradition, the house was designed to be a duplex, with the intention that William and Emily VanderHeyden would occupy one side and their son Fred the other. Thus, on the interior, the center entry hall is flanked on each side by a parlor, dining room, and kitchen.</p><br>
<p>The Alvah N. Belding Memorial Library is a public library building located at 302 East Main Street in Belding, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Hiram Belding and Mary Wilson Belding moved from Ashfield, Massachusetts to a farmstead in what is now Belding in 1855. With them was their 17-year-old son, Alvah N. Belding. They were soon joined by Alvahs brother Hiram. However, farming proved unprofitable, and in 1857 the Belding brothers began a trade selling silk thread to nearby settlers. By 1863 the brothers opened a retail shop in Chicago, and in 1864 began manufacturing their own thread. Although this first venture was rocky, Belding Brothers eventually had multiple manufacturing facilities throughout the country. In 1886 they built their first factory in Belding, the Richardson Silk Mill. This was followed by three others, and by the beginning of the twentieth century, silk manufacturing was the major part of Beldings economy. Concurrently, the town&#39;s population grew, from just over 500 people in 1880 to 1700 in 1890 and over 4000 in 1910.</p><br>
<p>As Belding grew, so did its social clubs. The Ladies Literary Exchange Club (Ladies Literary Society) was formed in 1897. In 1913, the Club proposed the formation of a public library. The city approved the proposal, and library board was elected. The first public library opened in the city hall in 1915. In 1917, Alvah N. Belding donated $50,000 for the construction of a permanent library building. The Grand Rapids architectural firm of Frank P. Allen & Son was selected to design the library. The cornerstone was laid in the summer of 1917 and the building completed in 1918.</p><br>
<p>However, the next few decades marked a downturn for Belding, as the silk industry gave way to synthetic fabrics. Alvah Belding died in 1925, and the silk mills were sold. As the Great Depression worsened, the mills were closed by 1932. During this time, the library was a social center for the city, used by the unemployed in Belding. Belding slowly emerged from the Depression, but was no longer the single-industry town it had been before. The old mills were demolished or repurposed. The library is the only building associated with Alvah N. Belding that remains in its original use.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The library is a T-shaped, hip-roofed structure of Bedford limestone, with a shed-roofed extension at the rear. It is located on a sloping lot on the bank of the Flat River, so that the basement level can be accessed from the rear. The roof is clad with green Spanish tile. The main elevation has a prominent central entrance portico, consisting of a pediment supported by two columns. The entrance to the building is through an arched doorway, which is flanked by small single-sash six-over-six windows. The portico is flanked by large round arch windows capped by limestone headmoldings. The side facades are similar in style to the front.</p><br>
<p>On the interior, there is a central lobby and desk, with two principal reading rooms, one on each side. A small cloakroom and stairs to the basement are beside the entry vestibule. The basement level contains a large hall and an assembly room, along with furnace and storage rooms.</p><br>
<p>The Pere Marquette Railway Belding Depot is a former railroad station located at 100 Depot Street in Belding, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997. It is owned and used by the city of Belding.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Belding was first settled in 1839, but remained a tiny hamlet until 1871, when a sawmill was built in town. The Detroit, Lansing and Lake Michigan Rail Road soon constructed a branch line to serve the village. This line carried only freight until 1888, when the Belding brothers opened their silk mills. A passenger depot was constructed on this site at about that time. In 1899, the Pere Marquette Railway was first organized from the merger of several railroads, including the railway that operated Belding line.</p><br>
<p>In 1920, the Pere Marquette Railway replaced the original 1888 depot with this one, for reasons unknown. Passenger traffic through the depot was heavy initially, but Belding&#39;s silk industry collapsed in the 1930s. The railway discontinued passenger service to Belding in 1941. The building was used as storage facilities until the early 1990s. In 1994, the city of Belding rehabilitated the structure to serve as a meeting place for the city council and as a transit center.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Pere Marquette Railway Belding Depot is a long, single story reddish-brown brick building with a low hip roof with overhanging eaves. A central hip-roof projection on the track side originally held the ticket/telegraphers office. The main entrance is on the street side; this enters into the former waiting room; the building also houses a former womens waiting room (now a break room) and the ticket office.</p><br>
<p>The Manchaug Village Historic District is a historic district encompassing the 19th century industrial village center of Manchaug in Sutton, Massachusetts. Developed in the 1820s around textile mills on the Mumford River, it was the largest industrial area in Sutton, with at least three mill complexes in operation. The district is centered on the junction of Main Street with Manchaug, Putnam Hill, and Whitins Roads.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>Manchaug was a praying town for Nipmuc people, established by the Massachusetts Bay Colony in the 1670s in the area that later became Oxford, Massachusetts. Though the praying town became depopulated after King Phillip’s War, and the land was sold to investors, its name persisted in the name of Manchaug Pond. In the 19th century the Manchaug Company took its name from the pond, which formed the headwaters for the mill complex the company constructed, and the company town was known as Manchaug Village.</p><br>
<h2>Description and History</h2><br>
<p>The area that became Manchaug Village was a rural agricultural area until the early 19th century. The only industry of note on the Mumford River was a trip hammer known to be in operation in 1795. In 1826, investors from Rhode Island began purchasing water privileges and land along the river for the development of textile mills. The stone mill standing at 9 Main Street was built in that, and was soon followed by housing for mill workers. The mills where significantly expanded in the 1850s and 1860s, when the dam impounding Stevens Pond was built, followed by new mills and a major tract of mill housing. The mills flourished until after World War I, and closed in 1921; the company-owned housing was sold off after bankruptcy in 1927.</p><br>
<p>The historic district is centered on the junction of Main Street with Manchaug, Putnam Hill, and Whitins Roads. To the north, west, and south of this junction stand collections of mills, mill sites, and worker housing. The surviving mill buildings are typically large stone structures, while the housing units a multifamily wood-frame dwellings with gabled roofs. The mill operators also built some single-family housing, for supervisory and specialized technical personnel. The Greek Revival Manchaug Baptist Church is one of the buildings not related directly to the mills; it was built in 1842 to serve the workers.</p><br>
<p>Portland High School is a former public high school located at 306 Brush Street in Portland, Michigan. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2016.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Portland was first settled around 1833, and the first schoolhouse built in the area was in 1842. This building was replaced in 1860 with a new two-story structure. Soon, Portland entered a boom time, and a second school was added in 1870, located on the property where this High School is now located. A third school was added in 1873. In 1881, the district constructed their first high school, again located near the site of this building. The 1881 high school was expanded in 1903, but was completely destroyed by fire in 1918.</p><br>
<p>The school board immediately began the process of replacing the high school, hiring architect Thomas E. White of Lansing to design a new school. In 1919 they hired Charles Hoertz & Son as contractor, and construction started on the new building, located on the same lot as the previous high school. The new Portland High School was completed in 1920 for a cost of $110,000. At the time, the school served the entire student body of the district, from kindergarten to high school.</p><br>
<p>By 1935, the building was full, and the school board hired Lansing architects Warren S. Holmes Company to design an addition. The addition was constructed with help from the Works Progress Administration, and finished in 1936. By 1953, the school was again overcrowded, and an elementary school was constructed to relieve some of the pressure. A second elementary school was constructed a few years later, but the High School was still housing a substantial number of elementary students. In 1962/63, a new high school was constructed, and the 1919 High School was renovated to house a Junior High School, along with some grades of elementary school.</p><br>
<p>In 1991, another hew high school was constructed, and the 1962 high school renovated into a middle school, and the 1919 High School was sold. In 1992 the building was converted into twenty-nine apartments. However, in the mid-2000s, the owners ceased maintenance, and in 2008 the building was condemned and foreclosed. In 2013, plans were made to renovate the building. Work on renovations began in 2016, and the building has been converted into the Portland School Apartments.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Portland High School is a 2-1/2 story building of red brick, with limestone accent bands. The main building has corridors in the shape of a C, with the auditorium in the center. A 1936 addition on one corner is a three-story red brick building with an L-shaped corridor plan.</p><br>
<p>The main facade is symmetrical with a gymnasium and auditorium section in the center, flanked by two entrance bays. Classroom sections are on each end. Each section is flanked with shallow brick piers. The e gymnasium/auditorium section has six equally spaced window openings on both floors. The flanking entry doors are recessed and covered with limestone, which extends upward and includes a window. The classroom sections each have three windows on each floor.</p><br>
<p>The Portland Downtown Historic District is a primarily commercial historic district located along Kent and Maple Streets, between Academy Street and the Looking Glass River, in Portland, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Portland was first settled in the 1830s. Milling operations began along the Looking Glass River near this district in 1836, and the first portion of the village of Portland was platted in 1837. The section of Portland encompassing the business district was platted in 1838. Around the same time, the first building in the district was erected by William R. Churchill at what is now the east corner of Kent and Bridge Streets. The building was soon occupied by Joshua Boyer, who opened the Mansion House, a tavern and hotel. Some additional buildings were constructed in the district in the 1840s, as well as a bridge across the Grand River, and more at the village grew in the 1850s; although documentation is sparse, it is clear that by the late 1860s that Portland had a substantial business district.</p><br>
<p>In 1869, the first railroad (what was later the Detroit, Lansing and Northern Railroad) was constructed through Portland, and with it came a rush of prosperity. The three-story Knox & White block opened in the downtown, marking the start of a building boom that saw the downtown transformed. The oldest still extant buildings, the Bowser Brothers Building at 160 Kent, and two wooden buildings at 143 and 147 Kent, were constructed in 1872. Major fires in 1872 and 1877 destroyed many of the older wooden buildings, and in 1877 the village mandated that further construction within the district be brick. These fires, along with later ones in 1879 and 1885, made way for the new Victorian construction on the commercial district.</p><br>
<p>Portland&#39;s population growth slowed after 1880, but the business district slowly grew, extending southwestward down Kent Street to Academy by the late 1910s. Many older buildings had street-front renovations in the first few decades of the 20th century. In 1919 and 1920, Grand River Avenue was developed as an automotive trunkline connecting Grand Rapids and Lansing, and the section running through Portland was redeveloped from liveries and blacksmith shops to new automobile-related businesses. However, the onset of the Great Depression halted building in the village. After World War II, more of the commercial buildings in the district were refurbished, and some new construction took place, notably the 1948-49 Sun Theatre at 227 Maple Street. However, most of the district retains a late-nineteenth century ambiance.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Portland Downtown Historic District includes most of Portland&#39;s central business district. It contains 49 buildings, as well as the 1890 Bridge Street bridge. Many of the buildings are late Victorian commercial blocks constructed in the 1870s and 80s. However, the district is notable for the variety of buildings present, including modernized wooden falsefront buildings, the brick Late Victorian blocks, a Neoclassical bank, early 20th century Commercial Brick buildings, a Moderne movie theater, and an International Style bank.</p><br>
<p>Significant structures in the district include:</p><br>
<p>Bridge Street Bridge: Built in 1890 by the Groton Bridge and Manufacturing Company, the bridge is a two-span metal Pratt through truss structure with pinned connections. It is 210 feet in length and 24 in width, with a sidewalk. The bridge was rehabilitated in 1990, and is still open to traffic.</p><br>
<p>William R. Churchill House/Neller Funeral Home (210 Bridge): This two-story hip-roof frame Italianate house was constructed in the 1860s for one of Portland&#39;s first businessman, William R. Churchill. It was converted into a funeral parlor in 1932.</p><br>
<p>Opera House Block (136 Kent): This three-story two-storefront building was constructed in 1880. The facade is of red brick, with five yellow-buff brick piers running the full height of the building. The second floor contains the opera house and ticket booth, with a flight of stairs up to the balcony. The Opera House is unique in that it was constructed and remained part of two separate legal parcels, each parcel being 1/2 of the Opera House and Stage. Through the years, its use was discontinued, and because the room had been owned by two separate businesses for almost 130 years, any efforts at rehabilitation, restoration or use had fallen through. In 2017, a local real estate developer, Tim Fuller acquired both parcels (that account for both the north and south half of the room) and for the first time ever in its history, the Opera House was now entirely owned by a single entity,. Opera Block Properties then acquired an additional 4 parcels adjacent to the Opera House, which were necessary for the rehabilitation of the Opera House space. Restoration was begun in 2017 on the Portland Opera Block occupying buildings from 118 Kent through 140 Kent. In 2019, Fuller created and launched at 140 Kent which trains students in the arts, and will use the Opera House as a performance venue when its completed in approximately 2025. Fuller plans to host weddings, corporate events, musicians, and theater productions in the space in the coming years.</p><br>
<p>Bowser Brothers Block (160 Kent): This two-story brick Italianate commercial building was built in 1872, and is the oldest solid brick-wall building in Portland&#39;s business district.</p><br>
<p>Doctors&#39; Offices (226 Kent): This one-story wooden commercial building with false front was constructed in the late 1870s.</p><br>
<p>Decker (Powers) Building (131 Kent): This two-story frame gable-front building was constructed in the 1860s/70s, and is likely the oldest commercial building in the downtown. During the 1900 and 1913 timeframe the building housed what may have been Portland&#39;s first movie theater.</p><br>
<p>Maynard-Allen State Bank (175 Kent): Built in 1950/51, this is a two-story International Style commercial building produced by renovating two earlier buildings.</p><br>
<p>Sun Theater (227 Maple): This rectangular concrete and cinder block Moderne movie theater building was built in 1948/49. It is a highly intact example of the simple Moderne movie theaters once common in Michigan.</p><br>
<p>The Bernard J. Beimer House is an architecturally unusual house in Taos, New Mexico. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>It is a two-story side-gabled house. Whereas much of Taos is built of adobe bricks in Spanish Colonial Revival and similar styles, this house reflects German Fachwerk style and is much like a half-timbered house. Its walls, exterior and interior, are built of wood stud framing and have poured mud in the interstices.</p><br>
<p>The Turley Mill and Distillery Site is a historic site on the Rio Hondo about 11 mi north of Taos, New Mexico. It was a mill and distillery which served as the headquarters of Simeon Turley&#39;s commercial and manufacturing empire. Simeon Turley  and his brothers Stephen Turley  and Jesse B. Turley  transported goods from Franklin, Missouri to Taos via wagon train on the Santa Fe Trail. About 1827–1829 Simeon settled in Arroyo Hondo and established the mill and distillery as a popular trading post and "watering hole." Simeon was murdered in the Taos Revolt of January 1847 and the mill and distillery site was all but destroyed. Simeon Turley is buried in the Kit Carson Memorial Cemetery in Taos. The mill and distillery site was listed on the State of New Mexico Register of Cultural Properties in 1969 and on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>It is located in what is now Arroyo Hondo.</p><br>
<h2>The Structures</h2><br>
<p>The primary structure was about 140 x 50 yards and took over a year to complete with more than 100 laborers. It was at least two stories tall plus a cellar, with the first floor consisting of basalt stone masonry and the second story adobe. The walls for each floor were about one yard thick and 13 feet tall. James Josiah Webb said that he knew of only three stores in New Mexico that had wooden plank floors and one of those was Turley&#39;s Mill and Distillery</p><br>
<p>The mill dam on the Rio Hondo was created by building a fitted-stone abutment from each side of the wall of the canyon bottom and filling it in with earth. High waters would wash the earth away leaving the abutment, thus lessening flooding. The earth was relatively easy to replace when the waters receded.</p><br>
<p>On the south side of the Rio Hondo on a bluff overlooking the large Turley Mill and Distillery was a long building housing the various employees, e.g., the coopers, the millers, the blacksmiths, the weavers, the farmers, the ranchers, etc. Nearby is the Taos Trapper&#39;s Trail leading north to Colorado and the Kiowa Trail leading east to the Texas panhandle.</p><br>
<p>Turley grew various crops for flour and meal in the long valley on both sides of the Rio Hondo. Wheat was the basis for the famous, strong whiskey, "Taos Lightning," produced at the distillery. Simeon also mined small quantities of gold on his property.</p><br>
<h2>Simeon Turley (1809–1847)</h2><br>
<p>Simeon Turley, founder of the Turley Mill and Distillery, was born in Madison County, Kentucky to Benjamin Turley (1762–1812) and Nancy Ann Marllor (Noland) Turley (1765-?). Benjamin Turley had served as a private in the American War for Independence under Colonel Archibald Orme&#39;s Regiment, Middle Battalion, Montgomery County, Maryland.</p><br>
<p>Simeons older brothers, Stephen Turley (1786–1851) and Jesse B. Turley (1801–1861) were instrumental in arranging Simeons move from Kentucky to New Mexico. In 1811 Stephen and Jesse settled in the Lamine township of the Boones Lick region in Missouri where they soon actively engaged in Santa Fe Trail commerce from Franklin, Missouri to Santa Fe and Taos. Stephen and Jesse are purported to have led an 1826 merchant caravan that carried 16-year-old Kit Carson, a longtime family friend, from Franklin, Missouri to Santa Fe, New Mexico. Simeons role in the Santa Fe Trail commerce was that of setting up a trading post in New Mexico thus creating a steady flow of business for the Turley brothers to transport goods to and from Missouri. Accordingly, about 1830, Simeon established a home, trading post, mill, and distillery on the Rio Hondo. By all accounts, the site was hugely successful and was recently referred to as "the Walmart before Walmart." Plains Indian tribes would, for example, sell raw buffalo robes to Turleys Mill & Distillery where the robes were prepped for sale on the Santa Fe Trail trade caravan. "In 1843, Simeon Turley in Arroyo Hondo, New Mexico wrote to his brother Jesse in Arrow Rock, Missouri that he was shipping him 200 buffalo robes and a load of beaver.&#39; "</p><br>
<p>Simeon was apparently well-liked by locals and traders and was described by George Ruxton, who had visited the distillery just a couple of days before it was destroyed, as one who would open up his graneries to the hungry and his purse to the poor. However, on January 20, 1847, the Taos Revolt shifted to Turleys Mill and Distillery which was besieged by about 500 Mexicans and Taos Puebloans. Eight to ten men were trapped inside the walls of the mill and distillery. Turleys Mill and Distillery was destroyed the following day. Simeon, who suffered from a bad leg since childhood had escaped the distillery at night only to be encountered a short distance away by a local friend who instead of getting help for Simeon, revealed Simeons hiding spot to the insurgents who murdered him on January 21, 1847. Only a few of Turleys men successfully escaped the attack on the mill and distillery: John David Albert, who escaped on the night of the 20th and fled to Fort Bent; Thomas Tate Tobin; and, Charles Autobees who escaped before the insurgents arrived and rushed to Santa Fe to inform Colonel Sterling Price. Help did not arrive in time. Among those who died were the following mountain men: William Hatfield, Louis Tolque, Peter Roberts, Joseph Marshall, William Austin, and Albert Tarbush.</p><br>
<p>The site was never rebuilt by friends or family. Simeon and his common law wife Maria Rosita Vigil y Romero had seven children who were identified in his 1847 estate papers as: Maria Alvina, Maria Pabla, Jose Andres, Thomacito, Juan de Dios, Jose Manuel, and Jose Narsisco Vigil y Romero. Maria Rosita was granted $2098.50 and she and her named children were “granted all the rights titles and interest to all the land accumulating eleven hundred varas, likewise the houses, distilleries, mills…” Jesse Turley was the Legatus of the Estate and Charles H. Beaubien was the judge. They signed the estate settlement papers on October 11, 1847</p><br>
<h2>The whiskey trade</h2><br>
<p>In 1830, the consumption of alcohol in the United States peaked at 7.1 gallons annually per capita. (By contrast, 21st century per capita alcohol consumption by Americans is about 2 gallons per year.) In the 1830s and 1840s, Turleys distillery was a large producer of the whiskey consumed in New Mexico and Colorado, especially by the Indian tribes. In 1835, the Cheyenne Indians who frequented Bents Fort said that whiskey was first among the good things of life. The Anglo mountain men and traders and Hispanic residents of New Mexico were also large consumers of Turleys product, which was later called "Taos Lightening." Until the American conquest of New Mexico in 1846, Turleys distillery was outside the jurisdiction of the USA</p><br>
<p>In 1836, former mountain man Charles Autobees became Turley&#39;s traveling salesman. Autobees loaded two 10-gallon barrels of whiskey on each mule of a mule train and proceeded north from Taos through the San Luis Valley, crossed the Sangre de Cristo Mountains at La Veta Pass, and descended to the Great Plains. He traded the whiskey for buffalo robes and beaver pelts in the Arkansas and Platte river valleys, and sent the robes and pelts by wagon train to Missouri for them to be sold. The profits from the whiskey trade were large. John Brown at his trading post in the Greenwood Valley of Colorado bought whiskey for $2.25 per gallon and sold it for $1.00 per pint, a markup of more than 300 percent. Profit was even greater for trade with the Indian tribes because the whiskey was usually watered down. Turley became one of the richest men in New Mexico as a result of his whiskey and grain sales.</p><br>
<p>Attempts by the USA and Mexican governments to control the trade in alcohol were mostly ineffectual.</p><br>
<p>The Frenchburg School Campus, located on USA Route 460 in Frenchburg, Kentucky, was built in 1909. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. It included six contributing buildings on 12 acre.</p><br>
<p>The main six buildings are a gymnasium, the Jane Cook Hospital, a Girls Dormitory, the school building, a manual training shop, and a teachers residence. It has also been known as the United Presbyterian Center. It was a medical and educational mission project of the United Presbyterian Church. The complex includes Colonial Revival, Classical Revival, and Georgian Revival architecture.</p><br>
<p>South Dakota Department of Transportation Bridge No. 63-198-181 was a historic bridge in rural Turner County, South Dakota, carrying 460th Avenue across the East Fork Vermillion River south of Davis. Built in 1909, it was a well-preserved example of bridges built for the county by the Iowa Bridge Company. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>South Dakota Department of Transportation Bridge No. 63-198-181 was located about 1 mi south of Davis, carrying 460th Avenue over the East Fork Vermillion River just north of 286th Street. It was a three-span structure, with timber-framed approach spans on either side of a central Pratt through truss. The main span was 95 ft, and rested on concrete piers, while the outermost supports were concrete abutments with flared wing walls. The truss elements were riveted together, and the bridge&#39;s deck support consisted of two layers of wooden planking set on timber beams laid over steel I-beams, which were riveted to hangar plates on the trusses.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was built in 1909 by the Iowa Bridge Company of Des Moines, Iowa. The county had a contract with that company to provide its steel truss bridges between 1905 and 1911, apparently as part of a common but illegal practice of "pooling", in which companies divided the state into areas where they did not compete against one another. This bridge was a typical example of the company&#39;s work.</p><br>
<p>The Daniel Motley Williams House in Green County, Kentucky near Summersville, Kentucky was built. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The main house included Federal architecture. The listing included a total of four contributing buildings.</p><br>
<p>The house was deemed significant as the "only example in the county of the combination of single-pen & saddlebag log house forms."</p><br>
<p>The Courthouse Square Museum is a former government building, and current historical museum, located at 100 West Lawrence Avenue in Charlotte, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Eaton County was organized in 1837. The county seat was originally at Bellevue, Michigan but in 1840 was moved to Charlotte. County offices were temporarily housed in the Eagle Hotel in Bellevue until 1845, when the first courthouse, a small frame structure, was constructed. By 1880, growth in the county had outstripped the capacity of the courthouse, and in 1882 the county decided to construct a new building. The committee in charge hired architects Miles, Cramer & Horn of Toledo, Ohio to design a new building, and contractors, also of Toledo, to construct it. The cornerstone was laid in 1883, and the building was completed in 1885.</p><br>
<p>In 1895, a fire gutted much of the inside of the building, and the interior was reconstructed. The building was used by the county government until 1976 when a new county complex located one mile north of downtown Charlotte was constructed. Restoration of the courthouse began in the 1980s, and in 1993, the Courthouse Square Association took over the maintenance and care of the building and surrounding grounds. The upper two floors of the 1885 Courthouse are a public museum and rental venue. The ground floor contains office and retail spaces.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The old Eaton County Courthouse is a three-story structure with a hip roof, with the first floor faced in rough fieldstone and the upper floors in red brick with stone accents. The entrances are approached via stairways to the second level. Entryways and windows on the second floor are in round-headed openings, while the windows on the third floor are in square-headed openings, save the windows in the center bay of each facade. Pavilions projects on the third level from each side of the building, with pediments and entablatures above-containing carving. In the center of the roof is a three-stage cupola with a square base, columned open belfry, and octagonal dome. A statue of justice tops the dome.</p><br>
<p>The Vivian Apartments, originally known as the Alco Apartments, are a historic, commercial/apartment building located in Portland, Oregon, United States. Built in 1912 at the northern end of Portlands eastside commercial core, the building typifies the mixed-use commercial development that occurred along Portlands streetcar lines in the eastside area during the early 20th century. It was noted for quality design and construction when it was built, and retains significant character-defining characteristics, including transom windows and recessed entries in the commercial spaces, original fenestration on the rear elevation, a prominent apartment entrance and lobby, and decorative cornice and masonry. The building&#39;s significance is strongly echoed in the 21st-century renaissance of mixed-use construction and streetcars in Portland, with a new-generation streetcar line on Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard immediately opposite the west elevation.</p><br>
<p>The Alco Apartments were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2017.</p><br>
<p>The Hance House is a private house located at 217 Yale Street in Olivet, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Myram H. Hance arrived in Michigan from New York state in 1843. He was a businessman, and served in the Civil War. In 1884, he moved to Olivet, supposedly so that his children could attend Olivet College. Once in Olivet, he became involved in the manufacture of boots and shoes, and constructed this house for his family.</p><br>
<p>The house was acquired by Olivet College in 1934. The college used it variously as the presidents residence, a fraternity house, a dormitory, a faculty residence, and as the location of the art department and studios. By 1971, the house was vacant. It remained vacant until at least the 1980s, but the college eventually restored the house, and it serves as the presidents residence.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Hance House is a two-story brick structure on a stone foundation, with stone lintels over the windows and doorways. The roof is a low-pitched design, supported by carved bracketry. The front entrance is through a double door sheltered by a porch. A side entrance is sheltered by a similar porch, and both porches have bracketry similar to, but smaller than, those supporting the roof.</p><br>
<p>The Isaac N. Reynolds House is a private house located at 123 North East Street in Eaton Rapids, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. It is one of the finest Gothic Revival houses in Michigan.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Issac N. Reynolds was born in New York state in 1830, and moved with his family to Eaton County in 1836. The Reynolds family was one of the earliest to settle in the area. Isaac&#39;s father died in 1848, and Isaac purchased the family farm. In 1865, he moved to Eaton Rapids and purchased a plot of land covering what is now several city blocks. In 1866, had this house constructed, and in 1870 subdivided his original purchase, platting out streets and lots. Reynolds lived here until his death in 1916.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Reynolds House is a frame Gothic Revival cottage sitting on a stone foundation and clad with vertical siding. There is large wing at the rear, probably added in the early twentieth century. The facade has a massive, recessed gable with decorated verge boards. A full length veranda runs across the front, supported by heavily ornamented wooden columns.</p><br>
<p>The Bellevue Gothic Mill is a historic gristmill located on the west bank of Battle Creek, at 218 East Mill Street in Bellevue, Michigan. It was a producing grist mill from 1854 until 1958. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. In 1977 The Stockhausen family purchased the property and began to restore the building. In 1982 The Bellevue Mill housed Michiana Hydroelectric and produce 45 kW. A Michigan Historic marker was erected in 2016.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1832, Isaac Crary first purchased the land on which he would later plat the village of Bellevue, choosing it in part for the easy access to waterpower. He soon constructed the mill in Bellevue on the Battle Creek that is a tributary of the Kalamazoo River. The Bellevue Mill then serviced the surrounding settlers of a 20-mile radius with their grain. In 1854, Manlius Mann, from Marshall, Michigan, purchased this plot of land. He hired builder Horatio Hall to construct this gristmill on the west bank, as well as a sawmill that was on the east bank of the creek that operated until the 1920s when it was removed. In Michigan, this building is now an architectural rarity in that it was built before Oliver Evans vertical elevator invention reached the mid-west, as is evidenced by the vertical series of doors on the west end of the building. A hoist for lifting grain sacks was installed in the roof gable to provide access to the appropriate floor level to start the specific process of milling each grain would receive. The basement has stone walls up to 19 in height that taper from 3.5 at the bottom to 2.5 at the top. The mill was equipped with three run of stone, three sets of mill stones, and to prevent icing and extend usable season of operation, an overshot waterwheel to drive the machinery was located in the basement. The waterwheel was later replaced by two turbines in the basement, most likely in the 1880s or 1890s. Because turbines ran completely submerged they could run year-round without icing problems. The turbines had a capacity of 43 hp each under a head of 10 feet, a head of water is the total distance of feet between the water level at mill pond and the tail race. Mann continued to run the mill until 1873, when he sold it to Hiram Ovenshire and Daniel D. Gardiner. In 1881, Ovenshire bought out his partner and became the sole proprietor. Ovenshire passed the mill down to his descendants, including Abram "Brom" G. Butler in 1923. The Butler family ran the mill until 1958, when mill operations ceased. That was when the trade name of "Blue Bird Flour" became well known in this part of the state. In 1937, upon graduation from Bellevue High School Robert Butler, Brom&#39;s son and fourth-generation for the Butler family took over the management of the Mill. He was probably the youngest miller in the state at the age of 18. The mill was closed in 1958 and after closure, the mill was used for grain storage until 1975.</p><br>
<p>In 1977 the Stockhausen family purchased the property from the village for $3,000. William Stockhausen was highly influenced by Henry Fords Rouge River plant and the intent was to have an electric free summer home. Over the next year they restored the exterior. Once the PURPA law was in enacted in 1978 the plans to create a hydroelectric family plant had to be expiated. They spent the next 5 years sourcing various hydroelectric parts from over the state of Michigan and went online in December 1982. The Bellevue Mill currently generates 45 kW under the Michiana Hydroelectric Co. The Stockhausens have given tours for Bellevue Village Historical Society in the past. There is a virtual tour and story of the Stockhausen&#39;s time with the Bellevue Mill on YouTube.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Bellevue Gothic Mill is a five-story structure measuring 35 feet wide and 45 feet long, and sits on a rubble foundation and with a standing seam sheet metal roof. It has been restored to the original vertical board and batten siding. It is constructed from massive timbers of Black Cherry and White Oak as big as 14" x 14" and floor joists that are 3" x 10". A loading dock was once connected to the mill was removed and is now restored.</p><br>
<p>The Chewning House in Green County, Kentucky is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The property is located at the northwest corner of the intersection of Kentucky Route 88 and New Salem Road, known as the Donansburg intersection.</p><br>
<p>It was a two-story dogtrot-style house built in the 1826-1850 period and includes elements of Greek Revival and Federal style.</p><br>
<p>Google Streetview as of June 2013 shows the house no longer exists; a chimney remained.</p><br>
<p>The Owen-Gay Farm in Clark County and Bourbon County in Kentucky was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997. The property included two contributing buildings, nine contributing structures and one contributing site, on 238 acre.</p><br>
<p>It is located on Gay Rd. at its junction with Donaldson Rd., at the Clark County-Bourbon County line. The house, built in 1825–1840, and 119 acre is in Clark County; some outbuildings and the other 119 acre are in Bourbon County.</p><br>
<p>It includes:</p><br>
<p>the house (1825–1840)</p><br>
<p>a log house (c. 1817), designated BB-362 and known as Glocca Morra School in the Kentucky Heritage Council&#39;s Historic Sites Inventory</p><br>
<p>a meathouse (c. 1825)</p><br>
<p>Ice House ruins (c. 1825)</p><br>
<p>cistern (1915–1920)</p><br>
<p>concrete water tank (c. 1945)</p><br>
<p>hay barn (c. 1900)</p><br>
<p>metal crib (1930–1940)</p><br>
<p>an undefined structure (c. 1900)</p><br>
<p>cattle barn (1910–1920)</p><br>
<p>sheep weigh house (c. 1910)</p><br>
<p>as well as agricultural acreage, fences, cemetery, and the farm&#39;s residential area which make up a contributing site.</p><br>
<p>The Dr. Henry Clay House near Paris, Kentucky was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Located in the Bluegrass region of Kentucky, this house was built by Revolutionary War Veteran Dr. Henry Clay, (distant cousin of politician Henry Clay) in 1787.</p><br>
<h2>Property</h2><br>
<p>runs along a farm road which goes southwest from Winchester Road in Bourbon County, Kentucky. The house, known locally as "the Fort", is a very early small stone house built as a rare double pen, with one-and-one-half stories with interior end chimneys. The lower floor has two rooms and stairs in the northeast corner that lead up to a second floor. A frame shed was the most recent addition on the east side of the house, used to store hay. The north side of the property contains a family cemetery, where Henry and his wife, Rachel Povall, are buried there along with other family members.</p><br>
<p>The Thomas Champ House near Paris, Kentucky was built in 1825. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>It is located on Lexington and Maysville Rd. (USA Route 68). It has also been known as Sulpher Spring Farm and as Long Champ Farm. It includes two contributing buildings and a contributing site.</p><br>
<p>It includes a main house, a smokehouse, a cemetery, a garage, and a pair of entrance gates.</p><br>
<p>The Downtown Richmond Historic District in Richmond, Kentucky is a 15.5 acre historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>It includes the Madison County Courthouse, a post office, a city hall, a fire station, a bank and other buildings among its 60 contributing buildings.</p><br>
<p>It includes the Glyndon Hotel (1891), a four-story brick building.</p><br>
<p>Blythewood, in Richmond in Madison County, Kentucky, was built circa 1840 and expanded in 1870. The property, including four contributing buildings, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>It is a two-story, five-bay brick house with brick chimneys. Its front facade has five bays and is built with a Flemish bond brick pattern; five-course common bond is used elsewhere.</p><br>
<p>Its current owners are Carroll and Charlotte Sutton. There is a large private Kentucky Derby party every year.</p><br>
<p>The Orofino Historic District is a 5 acre historic district in Orofino, Idaho that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. It is bounded roughly by 2nd, Dewey, Main, Johnson, and 6th Streets in Orofino.</p><br>
<p>It includes one- and two-story frame houses and commercial buildings developed during 1895–1932. It also includes several lime kilns.</p><br>
<p>The district&#39;s land was homesteaded by Clifford P. Fuller after the Nez Perce Indian Reservation was opened for homesteading in 1895, and his home is included. His development company, the Clearwater Improvement Company, platted the town.</p><br>
<p>The Methodist Church of Alberton, located at 802 Railroad St. in Alberton, Montana, was built in 1912. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>It is a one-story gable-front church. It was deemed notable as "This simple wood frame church building exhibits the design and construction characteristics typical of historic churches of the Methodist denomination in Montana."</p><br>
<p>The Thorn House in Alberton, Montana, located at 140 2nd St., was built in 1915. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>It was home of William "Bill" Thorn, an early Alberton storeowner and postmaster. It was deemed notable as a "well-preserved residence representing Alberton&#39;s founding years. It is a typical family residence of the era, reflecting the working class character of this railroad town."</p><br>
<p>The Sperry-Smith House is a historic house in Sparta, Tennessee, USA.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1880 for Thomas L. Sperry, a dry goods merchant. In 1905, it was purchased by William Templeton Smith, a Judge of the Fifth Circuit Court.</p><br>
<p>The house was designed in the Italianate and Colonial Revival architectural styles. but it was removed and a porch was built instead. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since November 15, 1996.</p><br>
<p>The West Loop&ndash;LaSalle Street Historic District is a historic district centered on LaSalle Street in the western Chicago Loop. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 1, 2013. A boundary increase on July 24, 2017, added two buildings at 330 S. Wells Street and 212 W. Van Buren Street to the district.</p><br>
<p>The district encompasses Chicago&#39;s financial center, which is anchored by the Chicago Board of Trade Building, and also includes several of its major banking institutions including the Federal Reserve bank and several government buildings. Development in the district began in 1873 and, with the exception of a lull during the Great Depression and World War II, has continued through the present day.</p><br>
<p>Most of the districts buildings are high-rises with at least ten stories, with the tallest being the 49-story One North LaSalle Building. Many of Chicagos prominent architectural firms designed buildings within the district, and the buildings feature styles such as Classical Revival, Chicago School, Art Deco, Romanesque Revival, and International. Significant buildings within the district include the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, Chicago City Hall, and several office buildings for large banks and insurance companies.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings and structures</h2><br>
<h3>LaSalle Street</h3><br>
<h3>Wells Street</h3><br>
<h3>Clark Street</h3><br>
<h3>Dearborn Street</h3><br>
<h3>Wacker Drive</h3><br>
<h3>Randolph Street</h3><br>
<h3>Washington Street</h3><br>
<h3>Madison Street</h3><br>
<h3>Monroe Street</h3><br>
<h3>Adams Street</h3><br>
<h3>Jackson Boulevard</h3><br>
<h3>Van Buren Street</h3><br>
<h2>Works cited</h2><br>
<p>The Reads Landing Overlook is a scenic overlook on USA Route 61 in Pepin Township, Minnesota, United States. It was built from 1939 to 1940 as a New Deal project to provide motorists with a scenic view of Lake Pepin. It was designed by landscape architect Arthur R. Nichols and constructed by the National Youth Administration. The overlook was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004 for its state-level significance in the themes of landscape architecture and politics/government. It was nominated for exemplifying the early highway waysides built in Minnesota with federal work relief aid, and for exemplifying as well National Park Service rustic style and the work of Nichols.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Reads Landing Overlook stands 1.5 mi northwest of Reads Landing, Minnesota, and 5 mi southeast of Lake City. It is situated on a stretch of Route 61 that runs due east/west along the south shore of Lake Pepin, a natural widening of the Mississippi River. Views from the overlook encompass the lake and its surrounding river valley, which is lined by wooded, 400 ft bluffs on either shore. The bluffs of the south shore rise immediately adjacent to the roadbed of Route 61.</p><br>
<p>The overlook is built on a narrow strip of fill between the highway and a line of shoreside railroad tracks. The overlook&#39;s lakeside edge is defined by a 230 ft retaining wall of random-coursed ashlars of Oneota Dolomite. The wall is 18 in thick with 2 ft piers anchoring it at regular intervals. The midpoint of the symmetrical wall is bowed out to create a 90 ft lookout bay that projects farther out toward the lake. At either end of the site, the retaining wall curves into bays with interpretive markers. The parking area has parallel parking space for four cars. A 6 ft island with a stone curb once separated parking area from the highway. This and a five-car parking area on the opposite side of the road were largely eliminated when the highway was widened.</p><br>
<p>Reads Landing Overlook west 01.jpgThe west interpretive marker</p><br>
<p>Reads Landing Overlook plaque 03.jpgDetail of the west interpretive marker</p><br>
<p>Reads Landing Overlook historical marker.jpgThe lookout bay and a 1985 historical marker</p><br>
<p>Reads Landing Overlook east 01.jpgThe east interpretive marker</p><br>
<p>The interpretive marker at the east end of the overlook is an aluminum plaque with text regarding Lake Pepin. It is set into a freestanding wall of dolomite with decorative brickwork. Below the main plaque is a small bronze marker crediting construction to the National Youth Administration. The interpretive marker at the west end is unique. It takes the form of a 26 in bronze medallion with a geographical map of Minnesota. It is set on top of a square brick pedestal. The east and west markers are both flanked by walls with decorative herringbone brickwork and sport wide limestone steps at their feet.</p><br>
<p>The overlook plaza was originally paved with flagstones punctuated by five insets paved with asphalt. In 1994 the Minnesota Department of Transportation (MnDOT) repaved the plaza with poured concrete to make it more handicap-accessible. Some of the flagstones were retained and placed in the configuration of the original asphalt insets, inverting the initial design but retaining the contrast of smooth and flagged surfaces. At the same time MnDOT added two concrete benches to the lookout bay, making up for the three limestone benches that had deteriorated and been removed over the intervening decades.</p><br>
<p>The lookout bay sports two interpretive signs added in the late 20th century. The first is a traditional black metal marker on a pole, placed in 1985 by MnDOT and the Minnesota Historical Society. The second is a modern interpretive sign printed on plastic, installed by MnDOT and the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources in 1988 and slightly relocated during the 1994 renovations.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Reads Landing Overlook is a distinctive example of Minnesota&#39;s first highway waysides, established in the 1930s and 40s as automobile tourism became popular. Overlooks were designed to provide a standard place for motorists to pull safely off the road for scenic views, rather than stopping randomly on road shoulders. The Reads Landing Overlook is uniquely adapted to a very narrow site and atypically combines elements of a scenic wayside with those of an interpretive wayside.</p><br>
<p>The adjacent highway was promoted as a scenic route from the first days of automobile touring in the 1910s. At that time the road system was not yet codified, and private groups took charge of marking and promoting routes. In 1921 the state highway system was formally organized, with this road along Minnesotas eastern border from Iowa to Canada becoming Highway 1. Four years later it was designated as part of USA Route 61. Long a gravel road, 61 was first paved through this vicinity in 1936. Owing to its importance and heavy use, the initial paving was done in concrete rather than cheaper but less durable asphalt. In 1938 an interstate commission formed to plan the Great River Road. Though Minnesotas portion would not be officialized until 1959, the portion along Lake Pepin was recognized as a scenic highlight from the beginning.</p><br>
<p>As use of the highway system expanded, the Minnesota Highway Department (later renamed the Minnesota Department of Transportation or MnDOT) opened the Roadside Development Division to concentrate on wayside facilities. The goal of these facilities was to improve highway aesthetics, increase safety, and aid the nascent automobile tourism industry by providing places for motorists to relax, eat, and use restrooms in the years before rest areas and convenience stores became commonplace. The waysides were generally designed in the National Park Service Rustic style, which emphasized the use of natural materials that would harmonize with the local environment and also endure with minimal maintenance.</p><br>
<p>Like most of Minnesota&#39;s early waysides, the Reads Landing Overlook was designed by landscape architect Arthur R. Nichols in consultation with MHD engineer Harold E. Olson. Nichols drew up his plans in August 1939 and they were approved with some revisions the following month. His design was adapted to the uniquely narrow site, squeezed at the base of a bluff between the highway and a sharp drop-off to railroad tracks and the lakeshore. As a consequence, it resembles interpretive waysides like the Craigie Flour Mill Historical Marker rather than broad overlooks like the Garrison Concourse and Stillwater Overlook. Dolomite from the area was cut and laid with great attention to craftsmanship. Decorative accents were built with an orange/pink brick selected to contrast with the tan stone. The symmetrical plan and fine brick detailing exemplify the sophisticated formalism with which Nichols frequently imbued his rustic style designs.</p><br>
<p>Labor was provided through the National Youth Administration (NYA), a New Deal agency organized to provide employment and developmental opportunities for younger workers aged 16 to 25. About 184,500 Minnesotans participated in the NYA from 1935 to 1943, building parks, playgrounds, highways, and public buildings. NYA labor produced at least 19 highway waysides for the Roadside Development Division in Minnesota, as well as picnic tables installed at many more sites.</p><br>
<p>The Reads Landing Overlook was one of five wayside rests built by the Roadside Development Division along Route 61 near Lake Pepin, four of which are still extant. Only three other areas of the state received similar concentrations of waysides in this era: the North Shore, Mille Lacs Lake, and around Stillwater.</p><br>
<p>The Gildersleeve Mine, in Lolo National Forest near Superior in Mineral County, Montana, was a gold and barite mine listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>The listed 5 acre area included nine contributing buildings, two contributing sites, two contributing structures, and a contributing object. These include:</p><br>
<p>cook / main house, a 48.5x10.25 ft one-story frame building</p><br>
<p>bunkhouse</p><br>
<p>little house / office</p><br>
<p>blacksmith shop and drying area</p><br>
<p>two outhouses</p><br>
<p>meat house</p><br>
<p>chicken coop</p><br>
<p>wood shed</p><br>
<p>mine adit</p><br>
<p>water system</p><br>
<p>mining equipment</p><br>
<p>tailings pile</p><br>
<p>It was deemed notable as "the most complete depression-era mining camp remaining in western Montana. Located within the Cedar Creek Historic Mining District, the Gildersleeve mine is the heart of a family-run hard rock mining operation established and run by the Gildersleeve family of Superior, Montana. It is a unique mining community built atop tailings from late 19th-century mining activities."</p><br>
<p>The complex also supported USA Forest Service activity.</p><br>
<p>The Big Creek Ranger Station Historic District, located near Polebridge in Flathead National Forest in Flathead County, Montana, is a historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2015.</p><br>
<p>A news release stated the district was recognized "for its historical associations with the creation and administration of Flathead National Forest programs, and fire management in USFS Region One and the western United States. The property has added significance for the qualities of the buildings which reflect Craftsman influences combined with a rustic aesthetic, a typical format for USDA Forest Service buildings in the west and particularly Region One."</p><br>
<p>The River Ledge Historic District is a primarily residential historic district located along Jefferson, Scott, and Lincoln Streets between Franklin and Maple Streets in Grand Ledge, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Grand Ledge area was first settled in the 1840s. In 1849, a dam and sawmill were constructed across the Grand River at the site, and in 1850 the first commercial establishment in the town opened. In 1853, the first portion of the new settlement was platted; by 1860 about 225 people lived in Grand Ledge. It was about this time that development in the River Ledge Historic District began, as Jefferson became one of the most prestigious streets to live on. In 1869, the Ionia and Lansing Railroad was constructed through Grand Ledge, bringing a trade catering to visitors, as well as a new manufacturing base, to Grand Ledge. Along with the new prosperity came accelerated development in the district, as well-to-do local businessmen and manufacturers began constructing houses.</p><br>
<p>Some of the earliest residents of the district include Edmund Lamson, the founder of Grand Ledge and the first village president; Frank D. Fitzgerald, Governor of Michigan from 1936 to 1939; Edward A. Turnbull, owner of the Grand Ledge Chair Company; hardware dealers Hillard J. Babcock and Sylvester B. Granger; grocer George Coryell; building contractor Elmer Edwards; and doctors Abraham DeGroff and Andrew G. Stanka.</p><br>
<p>Gtowth in the district continued to accelerate through the nineteenth century, with the period of most growth occurring between about 1895 and 1920. Development began to slow then, with the last historically significant structure in the district, the public library, constructed in 1931.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The River Ledge Historic District contains 282 buildings, of which 235 contribute to the historic nature of the district. All but eight of the buildings were constructed as housing, and nearly all of the houses are single family residences. The structures in the district date from the 1850s to the 1920s, and include a broad range of architectural styles, including Greek Revival and Gothic Revival, Italianate, Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, and Bungalow/craftsman. The district contains the hares of many prominent citizens of early Grand Ledge, as well as several historic civic and church buildings.</p><br>
<p>Some of the significant structures in the district include:</p><br>
<p>Summers House (520 E. Jefferson): Builtin 1874, this house has paired-bracket eaves, and is one of the best examples of Italianate architecture in the neighborhood.</p><br>
<p>Edmund Lamson House (405-407 W. Jefferson): An L-shaped, upright-and-wing-type house, with Gothic-arch-head windows.</p><br>
<p>Sheets-Fitzgerald House (219 W. Jefferson): Built in 1907 and designed by Lansing architect Edwin A. Bowd, this Colonial Revival house has triangular and segmental-arch pedimented dormers, keystones over the windows, and a paneled-pilaster front porch.</p><br>
<p>First Baptist Church (now Church of Christ) (205 W. Scott): Built in 1874, this church is a brick, Gothic structure with a 1931 tower addition at the corner.</p><br>
<p>First United Methodist Church (411 Harrison): Built in 1911 on the same site as its 1874 predecessor church, this building is a brick Gothic structure.</p><br>
<p>Trinity Episcopal Church (201 E. Jefferson): Built in 1911/13, this church is a brick, Gothic structure with corner tower.</p><br>
<p>Free Methodist Church (now First United Methodist Church annex) (406 S. Bridge): Build about 1900, this is a stucco-clad structure with a corner tower.</p><br>
<p>Public library (131 E. Jefferson): The Ladies Library Association first began advocating for a library building in 1911; this structure was finally constructed in 1931. It is a red-brick, Renaissance Revival-style structure with a green tile roof, and a large rear wing added in 1958.</p><br>
<p>Bull Head Lodge and Studio, located off Going-to-the-Sun Road near Apgar in Flathead County, Montana was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The lodge and studio are two contributing log buildings at the southern end of Lake McDonald in Glacier National Park.</p><br>
<p>The cabin named Bull Head Lodge was built in 1905 or 1906, on land purchased by Russell from Dimon Apgar. The property was a private inholding within the Glacier National Park when it was formed in 1910. It was Charles M. Russell&#39;s summer home, where he hosted artist friends to paint and sketch landscapes and scenery of the park. Russell composed a number of gnomic sculptures using found objects such as wood and moss from the park.</p><br>
<p>The Civil Air Patrol Quonset Huts were three Quonset huts located at 16601 Airport Road in Lansing, Michigan, near Capital Region International Airport. The huts were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991, and are part of the Historic American Engineering Record. The huts are missing and presumed demolished.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>These Quonset hits were manufactured by the Butler Manufacturing Company and shipped to Lansing in 1941. despite planned demolition in the 1980s.</p><br>
<p>However, by 1995, the huts were deemed as airport hazards by the Federal Aviation Administration and vacated. Demolition was scheduled at that time.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The three Quonset huts sat side by side. All three were constructed from prefabricated corrugated steel panels placed horizontally over arched steel ribs and purloins. The huts were eighteen by forty-eight feet, with a center height of eleven feet. Each hut had a single door on the end, and eight windows, four on each side, measuring 31 by 39 inches. The windows were hinged at the top of the frame and open from the bottom.</p><br>
<p>The Cloquet-Northern Office Building is the historic headquarters for several offices in Cloquet, Minnesota owned by the Weyerhaeuser family. The building was constructed in the early spring and summer of 1919, after the Cloquet fire on October 12, 1918 that caused extensive destruction in Carlton and St. Louis counties. The building housed the Cloquet Lumber Company, the Northern Lumber Company, the Northwest Paper Company, the St. Louis River Mercantile Company, the Duluth and Northeastern Railroad, the Cloquet Tie and Post Company, and the Knife Falls Boom Company. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>The W. L. Adair General Mercantile Historic District is a 4 acre historic district in Polebridge in Flathead County, Montana which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. It included five contributing buildings which were built during 1900–1914.</p><br>
<p>It is located on Polebridge Loop Rd. 1/4 mi. E of its intersection with N. Fork Rd. in or near Polebridge.</p><br>
<p>The Mercantile Store building is a wood frame, two story structure with a false front facade built in 1914. It has decorative pressed metal siding dating from 1925 or before covering the original wooden exterior. It has also been known as Polebridge Store and Polebridge Mercantile.</p><br>
<p>The Charles Boles House, located at 40 Appleway Dr. in Kalispell, Montana, United States, is a Tudor Revival-style house built in 1932. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>It has also been known as the Jack and LeEtta Carver Residence and as the United Way Building.</p><br>
<p>It was designed by architect Fred Brinkman, who designed more than 80 residences, churches, and commercial buildings in Kalispell.</p><br>
<p>The Alexander and Busey Houses, located at 106 and 112 5th Avenue, West, in Kalispell, Montana, were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<p>John Gus Thompson, a pitcher for the Pittsburgh Pirates in the first, 1903, World Series lived in the Alexander House in 1910.</p><br>
<p>The Busey House, at number 106, has been demolished and a replacement building on the site was under construction in 2017.</p><br>
<p>The Sunfield G. A. R. Hall, also known as the Sunfield Grand Army of the Republic Post No. 283 Hall, is a hall built for the Grand Army of the Republic fraternal organization, located at 115 Main Street in Sunfield, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992. The building has been in continuous use by organizations of descendants of Civil War veterans since its construction.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Grand Army of the Republic was organized in 1866 as a fraternal organization for Union veterans of theCivil War. Although a Michigan section was initially organized in 1867, it became inactive, and was reorganized in 1879. However, the organization quickly caught on in the state, with nearly 400 posts formed over the next 15 years. This included the Samuel W. Grinnell Post No. 283, chartered in Sunfield on October 6, 1884. The post was named after Sergeant Samuel W. Grinnell, who had died in 1883. Grinnell had seen action in the Battle of Shiloh, and later served as Sunfield&#39;s village clerk, treasurer and as a justice of the peace.</p><br>
<p>The post first met in a private home, then in a room above a local blacksmith shop, then later at the Sunfield Odd Fellows Hall. By 1898, the membership had grown to 32, and the post decided to construct their own hall. Land was purchased, and in 1899 work began constructing this building. The building was dedicated on September 15, 1899. Later that year, two cannon captured in the Spanish–American War were put in place. The building continued to be used by the post through the first three decades of the twentieth century. However, by 1929, only two members remained, and the last member died in 1934.</p><br>
<p>However, other organizations consisting of decedents of Civil War veterans have used and maintained the hall. Among these were the Women&#39;s Relief Corps #62, who used the building from 1899 to 1925 and the Samuel W. Grinnell Camp #17, Sons of Union Veterans, from 1918 to 1936. The Helen M. Edwins Tent #30, Daughters of Union Veterans of the Civil War, began using the hall in 1926, and (as of the 1980s) owned the property. the Curtenius Guard Camp #17, Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War, began using the hall in 1983, and continue to meet there.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Sunfield G. A. R. Hall is a rectangular, single story, front-gable, clapboarded building, with a false front topped by a pressed metal cornice. Atop the cornice is a plaque with the building&#39;s construction date, 1899, and the initials G. A. R. The building has a metal roof and fieldstone foundation. The front and side walls of the hall contain two-over-two windows in plain board frames. Two cannon sit in front of the building.</p><br>
<p>On the interior, the building is divided into three rooms: a small entry vestibule, the nearby cloakroom, and the main hall. A door with peephole separates the vestibule from the main hall. The main hall remains largely as furnished by the original members of the G. A. R. post, including members&#39; chairs, weapons and medals and flags and other effects.</p><br>
